Fistula By ProctoNova

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Fistula-in-Ano

It is a track lined by granulation tissue which connects peri-anal skin superficially to anal canal; anorectum or rectum deeply. It usually occurs in a pre existing anorectal abscess which burst spontaneously.

Fistula-in-ano can be:

  • Cryptoglandular—90%
  • Non-cryptoglandular (other causes)—10%.
Fistula

Classification

  • Low level fistulas—these open into the anal canal below the
    internal ring.
  • High level fistulas—these open into the anal canal at or
    above the internal ring.
  • Intersphincteric fistula.
  • Transphincteric fistula.
  • Supralevator fistula
  • Extrasphincteric fistula.
  • Simple fistula without extensions.
  • Complex fistula with extensions.
  • Single external opening.

Multiple external openings which are often seen in-:

Tuberculosis, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Actinomycosis.

Fistula

Principles of Management

Fistula

Surgeries

Identify the cause cryptoglandular or other:-

  • Delineate exactly the fistula anatomy— MRI/EUS.
  • Identify relation of fistula to anal sphincter.
  • Drain all sites of infection.
  • Eradicate track and secondary extensions.
  • Preserve anal continence function.

The primary objectives are to eradicate the tract and drain all associated sites of infection while simultaneously preserving anal continence.

Fistula

Surgeries

  •  FILAC – Fistula laser closure of fistulous track.
  • DLPL- Distal laser proximal ligation
  • Laying open the fistula—
    fistulotomy with curetting
  • Fistulectomy
  • Fistulectomy with primary repair
  • Fistulectomy with primary repair
  • Fistulectomy with secondary repair
  • LIFT technique (Ligation of intersphincteric fistula track)
  • Seton technique (Latin-seta—a bristle)
  • Colostomy—lay open,
    fistulectomy, later closure of colostomy—for high type.
  • VAAFT procedure (Video assisted ablation of fistulous track.

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